�ɲɾ�����ӯ�����һ��ˣ��������С���˴��ͣ�������P���ҹ��ñ˽��ά�Բ��������˸߸ԣ�������ơ��ҹ��ñ�����ά�Բ���ˡ���˳^�ӣ������ӡ� ���ͯj�ӣ��ƺ���ӣ� ? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!usr/share/doc/sudo/HISTORY000064400000005552152527402230011273 0ustar00A Brief History of Sudo: The Early Years Sudo was first conceived and implemented by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980 at the Department of Computer Science at SUNY/Buffalo. It ran on a VAX-11/750 running 4.1BSD. An updated version, credited to Phil Betchel, Cliff Spencer, Gretchen Phillips, John LoVerso and Don Gworek, was posted to the net.sources Usenet newsgroup in December of 1985. Sudo at CU-Boulder In the Summer of 1986, Garth Snyder released an enhanced version of sudo. For the next 5 years, sudo was fed and watered by a handful of folks at CU-Boulder, including Bob Coggeshall, Bob Manchek, and Trent Hein. Root Group Sudo In 1991, Dave Hieb and Jeff Nieusma wrote a new version of sudo with an enhanced sudoers format under contract to a consulting firm called "The Root Group". This version was later released under the GNU public license. CU Sudo In 1994, after maintaining sudo informally within CU-Boulder for some time, Todd C. Miller made a public release of "CU sudo" (version 1.3) with bug fixes and support for more operating systems. The "CU" was added to differentiate it from the "official" version from "The Root Group". In 1995, a new parser for the sudoers file was contributed by Chris Jepeway. The new parser was a proper grammar (unlike the old one) and could work with both sudo and visudo (previously they had slightly different parsers). In 1996, Todd, who had been maintaining sudo for several years in his spare time, moved distribution of sudo from a CU-Boulder ftp site to his domain, courtesan.com. Just Plain Sudo In 1999, the "CU" prefix was dropped from the name since there had been no formal release of sudo from "The Root Group" since 1991 (the original authors now work elsewhere). As of version 1.6, Sudo no longer contains any of the original "Root Group" code and is available under an ISC-style license. In 2001, the sudo web site, ftp site and mailing lists were moved from courtesan.com to the sudo.ws domain (sudo.org was already taken). LDAP Integration In 2003, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company contributed code written by Aaron Spangler to store the sudoers data in LDAP. These changes were incorporated into Sudo 1.6.8. New Parser In 2005, Todd rewrote the sudoers parser to better support the features that had been added in the past ten years. This new parser removes some limitations of the previous one, removes ordering constraints and adds support for including multiple sudoers files. Quest Sponsorship In 2010, Quest Software began sponsoring Sudo development by hiring Todd to work on Sudo as part of his full-time job. This enabled the addition of I/O logging, the plugin interface, additional regression tests, support for binary packages and more regular releases. Present Day Sudo, in its current form, is maintained by: Todd C. Miller Todd continues to enhance sudo and fix bugs. usr/share/doc/perl-Math-BigInt/HISTORY000064400000011366152534073360013332 0ustar00This file contains all the changes and bugfixes from the original version of BigInt/BigFloat to the rewritten one. For what has changed in the latest version see NEW and for a complete list of changes see the file CHANGES. v1.82: general: + It is subsequent faster than the original in many places + Use more than 16 bit at a time, greater BASELEN for 64 bit systems + overload for things like += + special operations like binc() + many optimizations and shortcuts in normal operations + Can use Math::BigInt lib => 'name'; for Pari, GMP, Bit::Vector or others + regression test suite greatly enhanced to cover more problematic cases + added example scripts (prime.pl, bigprimes.pl, hailstone.pl) + documentation fixed and greatly enhanced + BigInt is sub-classable with very little effort, see M::S or M::BF + subclasses of Math::BigInt know all the same methods, so that you can call $x->some_method() without having to know which type of class $x is + added infinity handling + much better NaN handling caveats: + bstr() and stringify now drop the leading '+' (to make overloaded cmp work as expected when cmp'aring to scalars and other objects (read: bugfix) + due to the dropping of '+' the string sort order has changed. It is now compatible to the way perl sorts it's strings. + spaces are no longer allowed in a number (but may precede or follow it) !! You can always make a subclass and change all these things quite easily !! input: + underscores are now valid between any two digits (in hex/binary input, too) + integers of the form 1E2, 1.23E2, 2.00 etc now valid for BigInt.pm, too + hexadecimal numbers of the form 0xabcdefABCDEF0123456789 + binary numbers of the form 0b01010101101000001000100101 + octal numbers can be input via from_oct() output: + as_hex(), as_bin() and as_oct() for easier conversation between bases bugs and buglets fixed over Mark's original: + 0**0 gave NaN instead of 1 + -1**y gave -1 instead of +1 for even y + fsqrt() gave slightly wrong results (like for fsqrt(9)) + +x/0 is now +inf, -x/0 is -inf (both were NaN), as well as other inf cases + mod/div for negative numbers were incompatible to Perl's way + added P. Prymmer's OS/390 '/1e5 vs *1e-5' patch w/o the performance snag + incorporated all the patches to the core modules by John Peacock + BigFloat::bxxx() works as well as BigFloat::fxxx() + Math::BigInt->new(10) / Math::BigFloat->new(2) returned NaN (ditto for other subclasses of Math::BigInt) + $a = new Math::BigInt; creates now a +0, while "" still gives a NaN This suppresses all warnings on undef arguments. Wether this is better... + import() would always use "Math::BigInt" and clash with Exporter + use Math::BigInt qw(bneg); $a = bneg('1234'); etc did not work at all + $x->xxx() now modifies $x in all cases of modifiers and actually returns the same $x (e.g. not a plain scalar or a different reference). All testing routines leave $x alone. bpow(), bmod(), fround(), ffround() etc were broken in this regard. accuracy and precision: + there is now support for both accuracy (significant digits) and precision (fixed number of digits after decimal point), which by default is off + objects/numbers now can have a local accuracy/precision internal fixes: + uses a blessed hash ref instead scalar ref (easier subclassable) + my instead of local + use strict and -w + s/$[/0/ (after all, $[ = 1; in main does not effect this package) + $# partially removed ($#y is scalar @y -1, $#$y is scalar @$y-1 - ugh!) + added LICENSE section and file new stuff: + MBF: :constant works now + MBI: :constant picks up binary and hexadecimal constants + brsft()/blsft() also can do other bases than 2 + bacmp (acmp), because needed for more efficient add() + bzero(), bnan(), bone(), binf() + binc(), bdec(), bfac() + is_zero(), is_nan(), is_one(), is_odd(), is_even(), is_inf(), is_int() + digit(), length(), copy() + as_number() (alias: as_int()), as_hex(), as_bin() + is_positive(), is_negative() (alias: is_pos() and is_neg()) + mantissa(), exponent(), parts(), sign() + bgcd() accepts now lists, blcm() (also accepts lists) + flog()/blog() for overloading of log() + fexp()/bexp() for overloading of exp() + round(accuracy,precision,mode) round to accuracy/precision using mode + MBF: fpow(), fmod(), fdiv() in list context (Thanx J. Peacock) + fpow() can now handle non-integer arguments, like in fpow(2.1 ** 0.2) + MBI: bsqrt() + bmodpow(), bmodinv() (Thanx John Borwick) + bfloor(), bceil(), broot() + CORE cos()/sin()/exp()/atan2() now work when passed BigInts or BigFloats Please send me test-reports, your experiences with this and your ideas - I love to hear about my work! Tels