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? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!? PNG ?%k25u25%fgd5n!PK Q1]]YN N COPYINGv3nu [ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
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To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
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A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
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is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
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implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
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produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
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control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
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programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
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such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
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You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
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4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
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keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
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keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
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b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
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7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
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License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
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work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
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(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
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Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
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Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
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the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
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and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
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code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
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d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
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e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
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it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
Copyright (C)
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see .
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Copyright (C)
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
.
PK Q1]FNF F COPYINGv2nu [ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
Copyright (C)
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.
PK Q1]|wfK K COPYINGnu [ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
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PK Q1]z.1u COPYING.LESSERv3nu [ GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
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PK c1]Մ READMEnu [ Copyright 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of either:
* the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
or
* the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
or both in parallel, as here.
The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and the
GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU MP Library. If not,
see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
THE GNU MP LIBRARY
GNU MP is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating on signed
integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers. It has a rich set of
functions, and the functions have a regular interface.
GNU MP is designed to be as fast as possible, both for small operands and huge
operands. The speed is achieved by using fullwords as the basic arithmetic
type, by using fast algorithms, with carefully optimized assembly code for the
most common inner loops for lots of CPUs, and by a general emphasis on speed
(instead of simplicity or elegance).
GNU MP is believed to be faster than any other similar library. Its advantage
increases with operand sizes for certain operations, since GNU MP in many
cases has asymptotically faster algorithms.
GNU MP is free software and may be freely copied on the terms contained in the
files COPYING* (see the manual for information on which license(s) applies to
which components of GNU MP).
OVERVIEW OF GNU MP
There are four classes of functions in GNU MP.
1. Signed integer arithmetic functions (mpz). These functions are intended
to be easy to use, with their regular interface. The associated type is
`mpz_t'.
2. Rational arithmetic functions (mpq). For now, just a small set of
functions necessary for basic rational arithmetics. The associated type
is `mpq_t'.
3. Floating-point arithmetic functions (mpf). If the C type `double'
doesn't give enough precision for your application, declare your
variables as `mpf_t' instead, set the precision to any number desired,
and call the functions in the mpf class for the arithmetic operations.
4. Positive-integer, hard-to-use, very low overhead functions are in the
mpn class. No memory management is performed. The caller must ensure
enough space is available for the results. The set of functions is not
regular, nor is the calling interface. These functions accept input
arguments in the form of pairs consisting of a pointer to the least
significant word, and an integral size telling how many limbs (= words)
the pointer points to.
Almost all calculations, in the entire package, are made by calling these
low-level functions.
For more information on how to use GNU MP, please refer to the documentation.
It is composed from the file doc/gmp.texi, and can be displayed on the screen
or printed. How to do that, as well how to build the library, is described in
the INSTALL file in this directory.
REPORTING BUGS
If you find a bug in the library, please make sure to tell us about it!
You should first check the GNU MP web pages at https://gmplib.org/, under
"Status of the current release". There will be patches for all known serious
bugs there.
Report bugs to gmp-bugs@gmplib.org. What information is needed in a useful bug
report is described in the manual. The same address can be used for suggesting
modifications and enhancements.
----------------
Local variables:
mode: text
fill-column: 78
End:
PK c1]4< NEWSnu [ Copyright 1996, 1999-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
medium, provided this notice is preserved.
Changes between GMP version 6.1.1 and 6.1.2
BUGS FIXED
* Mini-GMP: Fixed a division bug, which on a machine with 64-bit
unsigned long affects approximately 1 out of 2^32 divisors.
* Mini-GMP: Fix mpz_set_str crash on inputs with a large number of
leading zeros. Also stricter input validation, rejecting inputs
with no digits.
FEATURES
* Handle more systems which require PIC code in static libraries (e.g.,
"hardened" Gentoo and Debian 9).
* Configuration for arm (-32 and -64) has been rewritten, fixing poor
code selection for many CPUs.
* Mini-GMP: Updated to the latest development version, including
new functions mpn_com and mpn_neg.
SPEEDUPS
* None, except for arm CPUs affected by the configuration rewrite.
MISC
-
Changes between GMP version 6.1.0 and 6.1.1
BUGS FIXED
* Make Intel Broadwell configurations work on Windows.
FEATURES
* Work around faulty cpuid on some recent Intel chips (this allows GMP to run
on Skylake Pentiums).
* Support thumb-less ARM chips.
Changes between GMP version 6.0.* and 6.1.0
BUGS FIXED
* The public function mpn_com is now correctly declared in gmp.h.
* Healed possible failures of mpn_sec_sqr for non-cryptographic sizes for
some obsolete CPUs.
* The option --disable-assembly now disables all inlined asm.
* Fixed bug affecting mini-gmp's bitwise functions mpz_setbit, mpz_clrbit,
and mpz_combit.
* Various problems related to precision for mpf have been fixed.
* Fixed ABI incompatible stack alignment in calls from assembly code.
* Fixed PIC bug in popcount affecting Intel processors using the 32-bit ABI.
SPEEDUPS
* Speedup for Intel Broadwell and Skylake through assembly code making use of
new ADX instructions.
* Square root is now faster when the remainder is not needed. Also the speed
to compute the k-th root improved, for small sizes.
* Improved arm64 support.
FEATURES
* New C++ functions gcd and lcm for mpz_class.
* New public mpn functions mpn_divexact_1, mpn_zero_p, and mpn_cnd_swap.
* New public mpq_cmp_z function, to efficiently compare rationals with
integers.
* Support for Darwin in all x86 code, thereby enabling fat builds on Darwin.
* Support for more 32-bit arm processors.
* Support for compilation with clang/llvm on more platforms. Caution: GMP
triggers mis-compilation bugs in clang for many platforms, such as arm, x86
(32-bit and 64-bit), powerpc, mips.
* Support for AVX-less modern x86 CPUs. (Such support might be missing either
because the CPU vendor chose to disable AVX, or because the running kernel
lacks AVX context switch support.)
* Stack usage trimmed; we believe 512 KiB is now sufficient for any GMP
call, irrespective of operand size.
* Support for NetBSD under Xen; we switch off AVX unconditionally under
NetBSD since a bug in NetBSD makes AVX fail under Xen.
MISC
* We now use manufacturers' code names for x86 CPUs, e.g., "haswell" instead
of names derived from the commercial brands.
* Small improvements and better coverage for the test suite.
* The various FreeBSD problems listed for 6.0.0 affect this release too.
* Tuned values for FFT multiplications are provided for larger number on
many platforms.
Changes between GMP version 5.1.* and 6.0.0
BUGS FIXED
* The function mpz_invert now considers any number invertible in Z/1Z.
* The mpn multiply code now handles operands of more than 2^31 limbs
correctly. (Note however that the mpz code is limited to 2^32 bits on
32-bit hosts and 2^37 bits on 64-bit hosts.)
* Contains all fixes from release 5.1.3.
SPEEDUPS
* Plain division of large operands is faster and more monotonous in operand
size.
* Major speedup for ARM, in particular ARM Cortex-A15, thanks to improved
assembly.
* Major speedup for SPARC T4/T5 and speedup also for T3, thanks to a lot of
new assembly.
* Speedup for Intel Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, thanks to rewritten
and vastly expanded assembly support. Speedup also for the older Core 2
and Nehalem.
* Faster mixed arithmetic between mpq_class and double.
* With g++, optimise more operations when one argument is a simple constant.
FEATURES
* Support for new Intel and AMD CPUs.
* Support for ARM64 alias Aarch64 alias ARMv8.
* New public functions mpn_sec_mul and mpn_sec_sqr, implementing side-channel
silent multiplication and squaring.
* New public functions mpn_sec_div_qr and mpn_sec_div_r, implementing
side-channel silent division.
* New public functions mpn_cnd_add_n and mpn_cnd_sub_n. Side-channel silent
conditional addition and subtraction.
* New public function mpn_sec_powm, implementing side-channel silent modexp.
* New public function mpn_sec_invert, implementing side-channel silent
modular inversion.
* Better support for applications which use the mpz_t type, but nevertheless
need to call some of the lower-level mpn functions. See the documentation
for mpz_limbs_read and related functions.
MISC
* This release will not work on NetBSD 5.x, FreeBSD 7.x, 8.x or 9 series
before 9.3. The reason is that the m4 command is not correctly
implemented. (Workaround: Use an older GMP release, or install GNU m4 from
/usr/ports and tell GMP to use it.)
* This release will not build properly on FreeBSD/amd64 before version 10
using the 32-bit ABI (once a working m4 is installed). The reason is
broken limits.h. (Workaround: Use an older GMP release if using the 32-bit
ABI on these FreeBSD releases is important.)
* This release will not work reliably on FreeBSD 10.0 for i386 or amd64 using
the 32-bit ABI. The reason is bugs in the compiler 'clang'. Depending on
CPU-dependent compiler flags, GMP may or may not be miscompiled in a
particular build. (Workaround: Compiling gcc from /usr/ports should work,
except that gcc circularly depends on GMP; we have not been able to test
that workaround due to FreeBSD 10.0 bugs affecting its ability to run under
KVM and Xen.)
* This release will not compile on FreeBSD before version 10 for i386,
targeting any modern AMD processor. The reason is bugs in the old gcc
bundled with FreeBSD. (Workaround: install a less obsolete gcc from
/usr/ports and tell GMP to use it, or override the -march=amdfam10
GMP configure command line argument.)
Changes between GMP version 5.1.2 and 5.1.3
BUGS FIXED
* The internal functions mpn_sbpi1_div_qr_sec mpn_sbpi1_div_r_sec could
compute garbage with a low probability. They are now rewritten, and the
test code has been improved.
* A bug in the ia64 implementation of mpn_divrem_2, clobbering some
callee-save registers, has been fixed. This is an internal
function, with the bug manifesting itself as miscomputation in,
e.g., mpn_sqrtrem.
* The documentation now correctly says 'const' for input arguments.
SPEEDUPS
* None.
FEATURES
* None.
MISC
* None.
Changes between GMP version 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
BUGS FIXED
* A bug in mpz_powm_ui triggered by base arguments of at least 15000 decimal
digits or mod arguments of at least 7500 decimal digits has been fixed.
* An AMD Bulldozer specific bug affecting the 64-bit Windows ABI has been
fixed. This bug was in a key function (mpn_mul_1) and made both Bulldozer
specific builds and fat builds run on Bulldozer completely non-functional.
SPEEDUPS
* None.
FEATURES
* None.
MISC
* Fixes and generalisations to the test suite.
* Minor portability enhancements.
Changes between GMP version 5.1.0 and 5.1.1
BUGS FIXED
* On Windows 64-bit, an error causing link errors about
__gmp_binvert_limb_table has been fixed.
* Aarch64 alias ARM64 support now works.
* A possible buffer overrun in mpz_ior has been fixed.
* A rare sign flip in mpz_remove has been fixed.
* A bug causing problems with mpf numbers with absolute value >= 2^31 has
been fixed.
* Several bugs in mini-gmp have been fixed.
* A bug caused by automake, related to the 'distcheck' target, has been fixed
by upgrading the automake used for GMP release engineering.
SPEEDUPS
* None.
FEATURES
* Preliminary support for the x32 ABI under x86-64.
MISC
* The mini-gmp testsuite now tests the entire set of functions.
* Various improvements of the GMP testsuite.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.* and 5.1.0
BUGS FIXED
* When reading a C++ number (like mpz_class) in an istream reaches the end
of the stream, the eofbit is now set.
* The result sign of mpz_rootrem's remainder is now always correct.
* The mpz_remove function now handles negative divisors.
* Contains all fixes from release 5.0.5.
SPEEDUPS
* The n-factorial and n-over-k functions have been reimplemented for great
speedups for small and large operands.
* New subquadratic algorithm for the Kronecker/Jacobi/Legendre symbol.
* Major speedup for ARM, in particular ARM Cortex-A9 and A15, thanks to broad
assembly support.
* Significant speedup for POWER6 and POWER7 thanks to improved assembly.
* The performance under M$ Windows' 64-bit ABI has been greatly improved
thanks to complete assembly support.
* Minor speed improvements of many functions and for many platforms.
FEATURES
* Many new CPUs recognised.
* New functions for multi-factorials, and primorial: mpz_2fac_ui,
mpz_mfac_uiui and mpz_primorial_ui.
* The mpz_powm_sec function now uses side-channel silent division for
converting into Montgomery residues.
* The fat binary mechanism is now more robust in its CPU recognition.
MISC
* Inclusion of assembly code is now controlled by the configure options
--enable-assembly and --disable-assembly. The "none" CPU target is gone.
* In C++, the conversions mpq_class->mpz_class, mpf_class->mpz_class and
mpf_class->mpq_class are now explicit.
* Includes "mini-gmp", a small, portable, but less efficient, implementation
of a subset of GMP's mpn and mpz interfaces. Used in GMP bootstrap, but it
can also be bundled with applications as a fallback when the real GMP
library is unavailable.
* The ABIs under AIX are no longer called aix32 and aix64, but mode64 and 32.
This is more consistent with other powerpc systems.
* The coverage of the testsuite has been improved, using the lcov tool. See
also https://gmplib.org/devel/lcov/.
* It is now possible to compile GMP using a C++ compiler.
* K&R C compilers are no longer supported.
* The BSD MP compatibility functions have been removed.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.4 and 5.0.5
BUGS FIXED
* A bug causing AMD 11h processors to be treated like AMD 10h has been fixed.
The 11h processors do not correctly handle all 10h (aka K10) instructions,
and GMP's use of these instructions results in major miscomputations (not
as one would have hoped CPU traps of some 'illegal instruction' sort).
* A bug affecting recent Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs resulting in configuration
failures has been fixed.
SPEEDUPS
* None.
FEATURES
* A couple of tests added to the self-check suite.
MISC
* None.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.3 and 5.0.4
BUGS FIXED
* Thresholds in mpn_powm_sec for both fat and non-fat builds are now used
safely, plugging a one-word buffer overrun introduced in the 5.0.3 release
(for non-fat) and a multi-word buffer overrun that existed since 5.0 (for
fat). (We have not been able to provoke malign stack smashing in any of
the ~100 configurations explored by the GMP nightly builds, but the bug
should be assumed to be exploitable.)
* Two bugs in multiplication code causing incorrect computation with
extremely low probability have been fixed.
* A bug in the test suite causing buffer overruns during "make check",
sometimes leading to subsequent malloc crashes, has been fixed.
* Two bugs in the gcd code have been fixed. They could lead to incorrect
results, but for uniformly distributed random operands, the likelihood for
that is infinitesimally small. (There was also a third bug, but that was
an incorrect ASSERT, which furthermore was not enabled by default.)
* A bug affecting 32-bit PowerPC division has been fixed. The bug caused
miscomputation for certain divisors in the range 2^32 ... 2^64-1 (about 1
in 2^30 of these).
SPEEDUPS
* None, except indirectly through recognition of new CPUs, and through better
tuning parameters.
FEATURES
* Some more tests added to the self-check suite.
* The AMD "Bulldozer" CPU is now recognised.
MISC
* None.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.2 and 5.0.3
BUGS FIXED
* A few minor bugs related to portability fixed.
* A slight timing leak of the powm_sec functions have been sealed. (This
leak could possibly be used to extract the most significant few bits of the
exponent. "Few" here means at most 10.)
* The mpz_nextprime function now runs a safer number of pseudo-random prime
tests.
* A bug in division code possibly causing incorrect computation was fixed.
SPEEDUPS
* None, except indirectly through recognition of new CPUs, and through better
tuning parameters.
FEATURES
* New CPUs recognised.
* IBM S/390 are now supported in both 31/32-bit and 64-bit mode. (We have
not been able to fully test this on any multilib machine, since IBM expired
our guest account a few days before our release.)
MISC
* None.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.1 and 5.0.2
BUGS FIXED
* Many minor bugs related to portability fixed.
* The support for HPPA 2.0N now works, after an assembly bug fix.
* A test case type error has been fixed. The symptom of this bug was
spurious 'make check' failures.
SPEEDUPS
* None, except indirectly through recognition of new CPUs.
FEATURES
* Fat builds are now supported for 64-bit x86 processors also under Darwin.
MISC
* None.
Changes between GMP version 5.0.0 and 5.0.1
BUGS FIXED
* Fat builds fixed.
* Fixed crash for huge multiplies when old FFT_TABLE2 type of parameter
selection tables' sentinel was smaller than multiplied operands.
* The solib numbers now reflect the removal of the documented but preliminary
mpn_bdivmod function; we correctly flag incompatibility with GMP 4.3. GMP
5.0.0 has this wrong, and should perhaps be uninstalled to avoid confusion.
SPEEDUPS
* Multiplication of large numbers has indirectly been sped up through better
FFT tuning and processor recognition. Since many operations depend on
multiplication, there will be a general speedup.
FEATURES
* More Core i3, i5 an Core i7 processor models are recognised.
* Fixes and workarounds for Mac OS quirks should make this GMP version build
using many of the different versions of "Xcode".
MISC
* The amount of scratch memory needed for multiplication of huge numbers has
been reduced substantially (but is still larger than in GMP 4.3.)
* Likewise, the amount of scratch memory needed for division of large numbers
has been reduced substantially.
* The FFT tuning code of tune/tuneup.c has been completely rewritten, and
new, large FFT parameter selection tables are provided for many machines.
* Upgraded to the latest autoconf, automake, libtool.
Changes between GMP version 4.3.X and 5.0.0
BUGS FIXED
* None (contains the same fixes as release 4.3.2).
SPEEDUPS
* Multiplication has been overhauled:
(1) Multiplication of larger same size operands has been improved with
the addition of two new Toom functions and a new internal function
mpn_mulmod_bnm1 (computing U * V mod (B^n-1), B being the word base.
This latter function is used for the largest products, waiting for a
better Schoenhage-Strassen U * V mod (B^n+1) implementation.
(2) Likewise for squaring.
(3) Multiplication of different size operands has been improved with the
addition of many new Toom function, and by selecting underlying
functions better from the main multiply functions.
* Division and mod have been overhauled:
(1) Plain "schoolbook" division is reimplemented using faster quotient
approximation.
(2) Division Q = N/D, R = N mod D where both the quotient and remainder
are needed now runs in time O(M(log(N))). This is an improvement of
a factor log(log(N))
(3) Division where just the quotient is needed is now O(M(log(Q))) on
average.
(4) Modulo operations using Montgomery REDC form now take time O(M(n)).
(5) Exact division Q = N/D by means of mpz_divexact has been improved
for all sizes, and now runs in time O(M(log(N))).
* The function mpz_powm is now faster for all sizes. Its complexity has
gone from O(M(n)log(n)m) to O(M(n)m) where n is the size of the modulo
argument and m is the size of the exponent. It is also radically
faster for even modulus, since it now partially factors such modulus
and performs two smaller modexp operations, then uses CRT.
* The internal support for multiplication yielding just the lower n limbs
has been improved by using Mulders' algorithm.
* Computation of inverses, both plain 1/N and 1/N mod B^n have been
improved by using well-tuned Newton iterations, and wrap-around
multiplication using mpn_mulmod_bnm1.
* A new algorithm makes mpz_perfect_power_p asymptotically faster.
* The function mpz_remove uses a much faster algorithm, is better tuned,
and also benefits from the division improvements.
* Intel Atom and VIA Nano specific optimisations.
* Plus hundreds of smaller improvements and tweaks!
FEATURES
* New mpz function: mpz_powm_sec for side-channel quiet modexp
computations.
* New mpn functions: mpn_sqr, mpn_and_n, mpn_ior_n, mpn_xor_n, mpn_nand_n,
mpn_nior_n, mpn_xnor_n, mpn_andn_n, mpn_iorn_n, mpn_com, mpn_neg,
mpn_copyi, mpn_copyd, mpn_zero.
* The function mpn_tdiv_qr now allows certain argument overlap.
* Support for fat binaries for 64-bit x86 processors has been added.
* A new type, mp_bitcnt_t for bignum bit counts, has been introduced.
* Support for Windows64 through mingw64 has been added.
* The cofactors of mpz_gcdext and mpn_gcdext are now more strictly
normalised, returning to how GMP 4.2 worked. (Note that also release
4.3.2 has this change.)
MISC
* The mpn_mul function should no longer be used for squaring,
instead use the new mpn_sqr.
* The algorithm selection has been improved, the number of thresholds have
more than doubled, and the tuning and use of existing thresholds have
been improved.
* The tune/speed program can measure many of new functions.
* The mpn_bdivmod function has been removed. We do not consider this an
incompatible change, since the function was marked as preliminary.
* The testsuite has been enhanced in various ways.
Changes between GMP version 4.3.1 and 4.3.2
Bugs:
* Fixed bug in mpf_eq.
* Fixed overflow issues in mpz_set_str, mpz_inp_str, mpf_set_str, and
mpf_get_str.
* Avoid unbounded stack allocation for unbalanced multiplication.
* Fixed bug in FFT multiplication.
Speedups:
* None, except that proper processor recognition helps affected processors.
Features:
* Recognise more "Core 2" processor variants.
* The cofactors of mpz_gcdext and mpn_gcdext are now more strictly
normalised, returning to how GMP 4.2 worked.
Changes between GMP version 4.3.0 and 4.3.1
Bugs:
* Fixed bug in mpn_gcdext, affecting also mpz_gcdext and mpz_invert.
The bug could cause a cofactor to have a leading zero limb, which
could lead to crashes or miscomputation later on.
* Fixed some minor documentation issues.
Speedups:
* None.
Features:
* Workarounds for various issues with Mac OS X's build tools.
* Recognise more IBM "POWER" processor variants.
Changes between GMP version 4.2.X and 4.3.0
Bugs:
* Fixed bug in mpz_perfect_power_p with recognition of negative perfect
powers that can be written both as an even and odd power.
* We might accidentally have added bugs since there is a large amount of
new code in this release.
Speedups:
* Vastly improved assembly code for x86-64 processors from AMD and Intel.
* Major improvements also for many other processor families, such as
Alpha, PowerPC, and Itanium.
* New sub-quadratic mpn_gcd and mpn_gcdext, as well as improved basecase
gcd code.
* The multiply FFT code has been slightly improved.
* Balanced multiplication now uses 4-way Toom in addition to schoolbook,
Karatsuba, 3-way Toom, and FFT.
* Unbalanced multiplication has been vastly improved.
* Improved schoolbook division by means of faster quotient approximation.
* Several new algorithms for division and mod by single limbs, giving
many-fold speedups.
* Improved nth root computations.
* The mpz_nextprime function uses sieving and is much faster.
* Countless minor tweaks.
Features:
* Updated support for fat binaries for x86_32 include current processors
* Lots of new mpn internal interfaces. Some of them will become public
in a future GMP release.
* Support for the 32-bit ABI under x86-apple-darwin.
* x86 CPU recognition code should now default better for future
processors.
* The experimental nails feature does not work in this release, but
it might be re-enabled in the future.
Misc:
* The gmp_version variable now always contains three parts. For this
release, it is "4.3.0".
Changes between GMP version 4.2.3 and 4.2.4
Bugs:
* Fix bug with parsing exponent '+' sign in mpf.
* Fix an allocation bug in mpf_set_str, also affecting mpf_init_set_str, and
mpf_inp_str.
Speedups:
* None, except that proper processor recognition helps affected processors.
Features:
* Recognize new AMD processors.
Changes between GMP version 4.2.2 and 4.2.3
Bugs:
* Fix x86 CPU recognition code to properly identify recent AMD and Intel
64-bit processors.
* The >> operator of the C++ wrapper gmpxx.h now does floor rounding, not
truncation.
* Inline semantics now follow the C99 standard, and works with recent GCC
releases.
* C++ bitwise logical operations work for more types.
* For C++, gmp.h now includes cstdio, improving compiler compatibility.
* Bases > 36 now work properly in mpf_set_str.
Speedups:
* None, except that proper processor recognition helps affected processors.
Features:
* The allocation functions now detect overflow of the mpz_t type. This means
that overflow will now cause an abort, except when the allocation
computation itself overflows. (Such overflow can probably only happen in
powering functions; we will detect powering overflow in the future.)
Changes between GMP version 4.2.1 and 4.2.2
* License is now LGPL version 3.
Bugs:
* Shared library numbers corrected for libcxx.
* Fixed serious bug in gmpxx.h where a=a+b*c would generate garbage.
Note that this only affects C++ programs.
* Fix crash in mpz_set_d for arguments with large negative exponent.
* Fix 32-bit ABI bug with Itanium assembly for popcount and hamdist.
* Fix assembly syntax problem for powerpc-ibm-aix with AIX native assembler.
* Fix problems with x86 --enable-fat, where the compiler where told to
generate code for the build machine, not plain i386 code as it should.
* Improved recognition of powerpc systems wrt Altivec/VMX capability.
* Misc minor fixes, mainly workarounds for compiler/assembler bugs.
Speedups:
* "Core 2" and Pentium 4 processors, running in 64-bit mode will get a
slight boost as they are now specifically recognized.
Features:
* New support for x86_64-solaris
* New, rudimentary support for x86-apple-darwin and x86_64-apple-darwin.
(Please see https://gmplib.org/macos.html for more information.)
Changes between GMP version 4.2 and 4.2.1
Bugs:
* Shared library numbers corrected.
* Broken support for 32-bit AIX fixed.
* Misc minor fixes.
Speedups:
* Exact division (mpz_divexact) now falls back to plain division for large
operands.
Features:
* Support for some new systems.
Changes between GMP version 4.1.4 and 4.2
Bugs:
* Minor bug fixes and code generalizations.
* Expanded and improved test suite.
Speedups:
* Many minor optimizations, too many to mention here.
* Division now always subquadratic.
* Computation of n-factorial much faster.
* Added basic x86-64 assembly code.
* Floating-point output is now subquadratic for all bases.
* FFT multiply code now about 25% faster.
* Toom3 multiply code faster.
Features:
* Much improved configure.
* Workarounds for many more compiler bugs.
* Temporary allocations are now made on the stack only if small.
* New systems supported: HPPA-2.0 gcc, IA-64 HP-UX, PowerPC-64 Darwin,
Sparc64 GNU/Linux.
* New i386 fat binaries, selecting optimised code at runtime (--enable-fat).
* New build option: --enable-profiling=instrument.
* New memory function: mp_get_memory_functions.
* New Mersenne Twister random numbers: gmp_randinit_mt, also now used for
gmp_randinit_default.
* New random functions: gmp_randinit_set, gmp_urandomb_ui, gmp_urandomm_ui.
* New integer functions: mpz_combit, mpz_rootrem.
* gmp_printf etc new type "M" for mp_limb_t.
* gmp_scanf and friends now accept C99 hex floats.
* Numeric input and output can now be in bases up to 62.
* Comparisons mpz_cmp_d, mpz_cmpabs_d, mpf_cmp_d recognise infinities.
* Conversions mpz_get_d, mpq_get_d, mpf_get_d truncate towards zero,
previously their behaviour was unspecified.
* Fixes for overflow issues with operands >= 2^31 bits.
Caveats:
* mpfr is gone, and will from now on be released only separately. Please see
www.mpfr.org.
Changes between GMP version 4.1.3 and 4.1.4
* Bug fix to FFT multiplication code (crash for huge operands).
* Bug fix to mpf_sub (miscomputation).
* Support for powerpc64-gnu-linux.
* Better support for AMD64 in 32-bit mode.
* Upwardly binary compatible with 4.1.3, 4.1.2, 4.1.1, 4.1, 4.0.1, 4.0,
and 3.x versions.
Changes between GMP version 4.1.2 and 4.1.3
* Bug fix for FFT multiplication code (miscomputation).
* Bug fix to K6 assembly code for gcd.
* Bug fix to IA-64 assembly code for population count.
* Portability improvements, most notably functional AMD64 support.
* mpz_export allows NULL for countp parameter.
* Many minor bug fixes.
* mpz_export allows NULL for countp parameter.
* Upwardly binary compatible with 4.1.2, 4.1.1, 4.1, 4.0.1, 4.0, and 3.x
versions.
Changes between GMP version 4.1.1 and 4.1.2
* Bug fixes.
Changes between GMP version 4.1 and 4.1.1
* Bug fixes.
* New systems supported: NetBSD and OpenBSD sparc64.
Changes between GMP version 4.0.1 and 4.1
* Bug fixes.
* Speed improvements.
* Upwardly binary compatible with 4.0, 4.0.1, and 3.x versions.
* Asymptotically fast conversion to/from strings (mpz, mpq, mpn levels), but
also major speed improvements for tiny operands.
* mpn_get_str parameter restrictions relaxed.
* Major speed improvements for HPPA 2.0 systems.
* Major speed improvements for UltraSPARC systems.
* Major speed improvements for IA-64 systems (but still sub-optimal code).
* Extended test suite.
* mpfr is back, with many bug fixes and portability improvements.
* New function: mpz_ui_sub.
* New functions: mpz_export, mpz_import.
* Optimization for nth root functions (mpz_root, mpz_perfect_power_p).
* Optimization for extended gcd (mpz_gcdext, mpz_invert, mpn_gcdext).
* Generalized low-level number format, reserving a `nails' part of each
limb. (Please note that this is really experimental; some functions
are likely to compute garbage when nails are enabled.)
* Nails-enabled Alpha 21264 assembly code, allowing up to 75% better
performance. (Use --enable-nails=4 to enable it.)
Changes between GMP version 4.0 and 4.0.1
* Bug fixes.
Changes between GMP version 3.1.1 and 4.0
* Bug fixes.
* Speed improvements.
* Upwardly binary compatible with 3.x versions.
* New CPU support: IA-64, Pentium 4.
* Improved CPU support: 21264, Cray vector systems.
* Support for all MIPS ABIs: o32, n32, 64.
* New systems supported: Darwin, SCO, Windows DLLs.
* New divide-and-conquer square root algorithm.
* New algorithms chapter in the manual.
* New malloc reentrant temporary memory method.
* New C++ class interface by Gerardo Ballabio (beta).
* Revamped configure, featuring ABI selection.
* Speed improvements for mpz_powm and mpz_powm_ui (mainly affecting small
operands).
* mpz_perfect_power_p now properly recognizes 0, 1, and negative perfect
powers.
* mpz_hamdist now supports negative operands.
* mpz_jacobi now accepts non-positive denominators.
* mpz_powm now supports negative exponents.
* mpn_mul_1 operand overlap requirements relaxed.
* Float input and output uses locale specific decimal point where available.
* New gmp_printf, gmp_scanf and related functions.
* New division functions: mpz_cdiv_q_2exp, mpz_cdiv_r_2exp, mpz_divexact_ui.
* New divisibility tests: mpz_divisible_p, mpz_divisible_ui_p,
mpz_divisible_2exp_p, mpz_congruent_p, mpz_congruent_ui_p,
mpz_congruent_2exp_p.
* New Fibonacci function: mpz_fib2_ui.
* New Lucas number functions: mpz_lucnum_ui, mpz_lucnum2_ui.
* Other new integer functions: mpz_cmp_d, mpz_cmpabs_d, mpz_get_d_2exp,
mpz_init2, mpz_kronecker, mpz_lcm_ui, mpz_realloc2.
* New rational I/O: mpq_get_str, mpq_inp_str, mpq_out_str, mpq_set_str.
* Other new rational functions: mpq_abs, mpq_cmp_si, mpq_div_2exp,
mpq_mul_2exp, mpq_set_f.
* New float tests: mpf_integer_p, mpf_fits_sint_p, mpf_fits_slong_p,
mpf_fits_sshort_p, mpf_fits_uint_p, mpf_fits_ulong_p, mpf_fits_ushort_p.
* Other new float functions: mpf_cmp_d, mpf_get_default_prec, mpf_get_si,
mpf_get_ui, mpf_get_d_2exp.
* New random functions: gmp_randinit_default, gmp_randinit_lc_2exp_size.
* New demo expression string parser (see demos/expr).
* New preliminary perl interface (see demos/perl).
* Tuned algorithm thresholds for many more CPUs.
Changes between GMP version 3.1 and 3.1.1
* Bug fixes for division (rare), mpf_get_str, FFT, and miscellaneous minor
things.
Changes between GMP version 3.0 and 3.1
* Bug fixes.
* Improved `make check' running more tests.
* Tuned algorithm cutoff points for many machines. This will improve speed for
a lot of operations, in some cases by a large amount.
* Major speed improvements: Alpha 21264.
* Some speed improvements: Cray vector computers, AMD K6 and Athlon, Intel P5
and Pentium Pro/II/III.
* The mpf_get_prec function now works as it did in GMP 2.
* New utilities for auto-tuning and speed measuring.
* Multiplication now optionally uses FFT for very large operands. (To enable
it, pass --enable-fft to configure.)
* Support for new systems: Solaris running on x86, FreeBSD 5, HP-UX 11, Cray
vector computers, Rhapsody, Nextstep/Openstep, MacOS.
* Support for shared libraries on 32-bit HPPA.
* New integer functions: mpz_mul_si, mpz_odd_p, mpz_even_p.
* New Kronecker symbol functions: mpz_kronecker_si, mpz_kronecker_ui,
mpz_si_kronecker, mpz_ui_kronecker.
* New rational functions: mpq_out_str, mpq_swap.
* New float functions: mpf_swap.
* New mpn functions: mpn_divexact_by3c, mpn_tdiv_qr.
* New EXPERIMENTAL function layer for accurate floating-point arithmetic, mpfr.
To try it, pass --enable-mpfr to configure. See the mpfr subdirectory for
more information; it is not documented in the main GMP manual.
Changes between GMP version 3.0 and 3.0.1
* Memory leaks in gmp_randinit and mpz_probab_prime_p fixed.
* Documentation for gmp_randinit fixed. Misc documentation errors fixed.
Changes between GMP version 2.0 and 3.0
* Source level compatibility with past releases (except mpn_gcd).
* Bug fixes.
* Much improved speed thanks to both host independent and host dependent
optimizations.
* Switch to autoconf/automake/libtool.
* Support for building libgmp as a shared library.
* Multiplication and squaring using 3-way Toom-Cook.
* Division using the Burnikel-Ziegler method.
* New functions computing binomial coefficients: mpz_bin_ui, mpz_bin_uiui.
* New function computing Fibonacci numbers: mpz_fib_ui.
* New random number generators: mpf_urandomb, mpz_rrandomb, mpz_urandomb,
mpz_urandomm, gmp_randclear, gmp_randinit, gmp_randinit_lc_2exp,
gmp_randseed, gmp_randseed_ui.
* New function for quickly extracting limbs: mpz_getlimbn.
* New functions performing integer size tests: mpz_fits_sint_p,
mpz_fits_slong_p, mpz_fits_sshort_p, mpz_fits_uint_p, mpz_fits_ulong_p,
mpz_fits_ushort_p.
* New mpf functions: mpf_ceil, mpf_floor, mpf_pow_ui, mpf_trunc.
* New mpq function: mpq_set_d.
* New mpz functions: mpz_addmul_ui, mpz_cmpabs, mpz_cmpabs_ui, mpz_lcm,
mpz_nextprime, mpz_perfect_power_p, mpz_remove, mpz_root, mpz_swap,
mpz_tdiv_ui, mpz_tstbit, mpz_xor.
* New mpn function: mpn_divexact_by3.
* New CPU support: DEC Alpha 21264, AMD K6 and Athlon, HPPA 2.0 and 64,
Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium-II/III, Sparc 64, PowerPC 64.
* Almost 10 times faster mpz_invert and mpn_gcdext.
* The interface of mpn_gcd has changed.
* Better support for MIPS R4x000 and R5000 under Irix 6.
* Improved support for SPARCv8 and SPARCv9 processors.
Changes between GMP version 2.0 and 2.0.2
* Many bug fixes.
Changes between GMP version 1.3.2 and 2.0
* Division routines in the mpz class have changed. There are three classes of
functions, that rounds the quotient to -infinity, 0, and +infinity,
respectively. The first class of functions have names that begin with
mpz_fdiv (f is short for floor), the second class' names begin with mpz_tdiv
(t is short for trunc), and the third class' names begin with mpz_cdiv (c is
short for ceil).
The old division routines beginning with mpz_m are similar to the new
mpz_fdiv, with the exception that some of the new functions return useful
values.
The old function names can still be used. All the old functions names will
now do floor division, not trunc division as some of them used to. This was
changed to make the functions more compatible with common mathematical
practice.
The mpz_mod and mpz_mod_ui functions now compute the mathematical mod
function. I.e., the sign of the 2nd argument is ignored.
* The mpq assignment functions do not canonicalize their results. A new
function, mpq_canonicalize must be called by the user if the result is not
known to be canonical.
* The mpn functions are now documented. These functions are intended for
very time critical applications, or applications that need full control over
memory allocation. Note that the mpn interface is irregular and hard to
use.
* New functions for arbitrary precision floating point arithmetic. Names
begin with `mpf_'. Associated type mpf_t.
* New and improved mpz functions, including much faster GCD, fast exact
division (mpz_divexact), bit scan (mpz_scan0 and mpz_scan1), and number
theoretical functions like Jacobi (mpz_jacobi) and multiplicative inverse
(mpz_invert).
* New variable types (mpz_t and mpq_t) are available that makes syntax of
mpz and mpq calls nicer (no need for & before variables). The MP_INT and
MP_RAT types are still available for compatibility.
* Uses GNU configure. This makes it possible to choose target architecture
and CPU variant, and to compile into a separate object directory.
* Carefully optimized assembly for important inner loops. Support for DEC
Alpha, Amd 29000, HPPA 1.0 and 1.1, Intel Pentium and generic x86, Intel
i960, Motorola MC68000, MC68020, MC88100, and MC88110, Motorola/IBM
PowerPC, National NS32000, IBM POWER, MIPS R3000, R4000, SPARCv7,
SuperSPARC, generic SPARCv8, and DEC VAX. Some support also for ARM,
Clipper, IBM ROMP (RT), and Pyramid AP/XP.
* Faster. Thanks to the assembler code, new algorithms, and general tuning.
In particular, the speed on machines without GCC is improved.
* Support for machines without alloca.
* Now under the LGPL.
INCOMPATIBILITIES BETWEEN GMP 1 AND GMP 2
* mpq assignment functions do not canonicalize their results.
* mpz division functions round differently.
* mpz mod functions now really compute mod.
* mpz_powm and mpz_powm_ui now really use mod for reduction.
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